This sculpture was based on a photograph taken on the occasion of Queen Victoria's golden jubilee in 1887. The photograph and another two examples of Queen Victoria carvings are illustrated in Julius Lips, The savage hits back or the white man through native eyes, London, 1937, figs.204-8. There is also a similar carving in the collection of UCLA, collected prior to 1921. See Robert Farris Thompson, Black gods and kings: Yoruba art at UCLA, Bloomington, 1976, pp.174-175.